Is Having a Sibling a Blessing or a Curse?

I am certain that the vast majority of you have siblings or sisters. Furthermore, I am certain that this equivalent idea more likely than not happened to you at once or another. What number of you have lost your toys, garments or something that you cherished especially to your sibling or sister? What number of you wish that you were the lone offspring of the family? Welcome to the universe of kin. From the second our folks declare that there is to be another child in the family, we are required to experience a great deal of adjustments.The above all else is sharing. Sharing of our dear guardians, our rooms, our toys, our preferred nourishments, etc. The second is examination. The guardians, instructors and at times even family members begin to look at the kin. The correlation might be with respect to our character, conduct, contemplates, shading and so forth. The frequently rehashed words in numerous houses is â€Å"Why can’t you resemble your sibling or sister? Perceive how great they are. You ought to gain from them. † The third is preference. Numerous guardians have a most loved child.It might be on the grounds that they help them to remember their preferred individual, similar to their folks or kin. Or on the other hand perhaps on the grounds that that kid cherishes them unequivocally. Notwithstanding, this makes the less cherished kid view the different as an opponent. One of the most loved things our kin like to do is to discover and confess our insider facts to the very individuals we attempt to keep it mystery from. They like to flaunt their own accomplishments and put down our own. However, not everything about having a kin is terrible. They are for the most part there for us when we need them.We can generally rely upon them when we are in some troublesome circumstance. They now and again spare us from disciplines and requitals, on the off chance that they feel frustrated about us. Obviously they may require a pay off or some help after-w ards. On the off chance that your kin is more seasoned than you, he/she would have made ready for you in school, educational cost and sports. In the event that they are more youthful than you, you can and presumably will manager them around and cause them to do what you need. There is a Chinese maxim that interprets as â€Å"You don’t understand the estimation of a thing until you lose it. Every one of you are doing your A levels one year from now. After that a large portion of you will leave the nation for higher investigations. This implies you will be separated from everyone else, without your family in some obscure area for 4 or 5 years. What's more, I am certain that despite the fact that you will miss your folks, you will miss your kin more. You will miss the common space, shared certainty and privileged insights that assembled you. So I genuinely trust that you will make the most of your gifts while you can and treat your kin better.

Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

The executives Accounting - Essay Example This stage encourages the associations to take their drawn out business choices. It has been seen that there is a drawn out discussion between the worldwide organizations related with the usefulness of bookkeeping. Numerous specialists have depicted bookkeeping as the imparting device for the associations to grandstand their business reality. Then again numerous individuals have expressed that bookkeeping itself develops reality. This discussion is a copying issue for the associations over the world. Bookkeeping is only a data science utilized to arrange monetary information. Here in this paper the title proclamation will be fundamentally broke down based on different ideal and troublesome contentions. The exposition will likewise incorporate the structure of Burchell et al into this article. The paper will follow a bit by bit approach which will investigate the point in itemized style. The article will follow an appropriate structure. With the assistance of this article an endeavor will be made to end the discussion related with the title subject. Bookkeeping is a procedure through which hierarchical reality can be conveyed. Association does representing the reason for conveying real factors towards the all partners related with the associations. Each association has inside and outer partners. It is significant for inner and outer partners to know the association reality in point by point design. To get the point by point data there is no substitute of bookkeeping. It demonstrates that bookkeeping communicates reality to the partners. Budgetary correspondence is the most significant factor based on which speculation related choices are being made. Financial specialists contribute their funds based on appropriate data. That data is being spoken with the assistance of bookkeeping. As indicated by the system of Burchell, if vulnerabilities of

Topic 1, Chronic Illness Example

Topic 1, Chronic Illness Example Topic 1, Chronic Illness â€" Essay Example > Chronic illness is a state of disease with pathological changes which cannot be revoked, lasting for more than three months and causing permanent disability eventually (Lubkin Larson, 1978). There is a link between chronic illnesses and family life cycle. Therefore there is a need for a topology that define the psychological demands of the chronic illnesses rather than having only biological criteria that emphasizes only on ways to meet needs of medicines or just formulate a medical treatment. According to Rolland (1987), there are categories that define in a wide way the psychological factors of the chronic illness and the family. They include; onset, outcome and degree of incapacitation of illness. For the onset category, diseases can be divided as having either an acute onset or gradual onset. In this case the affective changes are said to be short term. This requires rapid crisis management skill from families. Gradual onset subjects families to more protracted period of adju stment. The course of a chronic disease is progressive, constant or relapsing/ episodic. Progressive diseases are symptomatic and records severe progress. The family members are faced by a situation whereby the member experiences an increasing disability which keeps on progressing. There seems to be no relief to the demand of the disease and the family caretakers gets exhausted and there are still chances of new tasks arising over time (Rolland, 1987). Constant illness is when an event occurs and later the biological course stabilizes. Although recurrence may occur, it is predictable and therefore the family is exhausted but there are fewer chances of new tasks arising later. Finally the relapsing. episodic course is characterized by alternation of stable period of varying length, low levels or even absence of symptoms. The family strains when there is a crisis and the uncertainty of when next the crisis will occur. Outcome of the illness is characterized by the psychological impa ct caused by the chronic illness likelihood of causing death or shortening the life span of a member. There are expectations and anticipation grief from the family members and thus living a difficult life (Rolland, 1987). incapacitation is contributed by cognition, sensation, movement, energy production, and disfigurement or medial causes of social stigma. The crisis phase includes any symptomatic period before actual diagnosis and initial period of readjustment and coping after diagnosis and initial treatments plan has been used to classify the problem. In this case, the family and the ill member face several tasks. First they learn to deal with pain, incapacitation, or any other illness related symptoms; adjust and learn to deal with hospital environment and any disease treatment procedures; finally they have to plan and maintain a good relationship with the healthcare individual. Moreover, the family is required to create a meaning of the illness event that maximizes a preservat ion of sense of mystery and competence; pre illness family illness loss and grieve that goes with it; accept that there is permanent change while linking the past and the future; reorganize to undergo short term crises and finally having a system that is towards any future goals.

Redy-Made Identities from Mercedes Benz C Class - 676 Words

Advertising why your product is better than other products in the market, is not enough to make consumers buy your product anymore. These days companies need to relate to their customers emotionally and logically. During Super Bowl I saw this Mercedes Benz C class commercial. It is called â€Å"Perfect Harmony.† The commercial was about how everything lines-up perfect ones in a spell. The commercial shows the scene, where all the planets line up in a straight line. Later on the scene background voice says that, â€Å"When that perfect time comes, makes sure you are in the correct spot and the right vehicle.† In this Mercedes commercial, Mercedes tries to emotional branding with their consumers, as well as they are attempting to sell ready-made identities. In the Mercedes Benz C250 commercial Mercedes is manipulating their consumers by selling them a ready-made identity. This is explained by Douglas Rushkoff, who said that, â€Å"Brands become more than just a mark of q uality; they become an invitation to a longed-for lifestyle, a ready-made identity.† What Mr. Rushkoff is trying to say is that, brands are not just a product or a mark of quality anymore. Brands have become a ready-made identity, for instance, if an individual owns a Mercedes that individual considered as a successful and well doing in their life. The Mercedes C class commercial does not talk about the features of the car, or the technical aspects of the car. Based on that, Mercedes Benz is not a car brand

Globalization and the Multinational Corporation Multiple...

International Financial Management, 2e (Bekaert / Hodrick) Chapter 1 Globalization and the Multinational Corporation 1.1 Multiple Choice Easy 1) Which of the following was created in an effort to promote free trade? A) World Trade Organization B) the Sarbanes-Oxley Act C) multilateral development banks D) the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Answer: A 2) Which one of the following is an investment from which the payoff over time is derived from the performance of an underlying asset? A) a common stock certificate B) a derivative security C) a corporate bond D) a mortgage bond Answer: B 3) What is the name for the shifting of non-strategic functions to specialist firms to reduce costs? A)†¦show more content†¦D) a single European currency managed by a European central bank. Answer: D 18) The European Union is a free trade association that is based on a(n) A) economic and monetary union. B) economic union. C) monetary union. D) a commonly agreed upon list of lowered tariffs. Answer: A 19) Which one of the following has a single currency managed by a common central bank? A) ASEAN B) European Union C) World Trade Organization D) The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Answer: B 20) Which one of the following is renowned for its high-quality databases on economic and social data? A) WTO B) EU C) OECD D) World Bank Answer: C 21) What is the name of the international organization that fosters monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks? A) WTO B) EU C) World Bank D) Bank for International Settlements Answer: D 22) Which of the following are institutional banks that provide financial support and professional advice for developing countries? A) multilateral development banks B) central banks C) investment banks D) Barclays bank Answer: A 23) What economic field of study explores the problems associated with a firm that arise from a separation of ownership and control and devises ways to resolve them? A) futures and options B) agency theory C) foreign direct investment D) franchising Answer: B 24) State-owned investmentShow MoreRelatedMarketing Ch-91075 Words   |  5 PagesPF16- 09 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. _C___ 1. According to your text, ____ are small technology-based firms operating in international markets within two years of their establishment and realizing as much as 70 percent of their sales outside the domestic home market. a.|natural globals| b.|multinational corporations| c.|born globals| d.|born multinationals| e.|multinational enterprises| __B__ 2. The Mont BlancRead MoreIntroduction. 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FriedmanRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility (Csr) of Mncs in Bangladesh: a Case Study on Grammen Phone Ltd1792 Words   |  8 PagesObjective: Business is an attached and entrenched part of the society. In addition to its economic role in society, business also has several other roles and accountabilities towards society. Many reputed multinational companies doing business and interacting with the society as well. The objective of the study is to highlight the current status of CSR practice of MNCs in Bangladesh and activities of GrameenPhone is used as example. Methodology: The empirical findings of MNCs’ managementRead MoreStrategic Management and Page1166 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 6 – Formulating Strategy Multiple Choice Questions 1. The process by which a firm’s managers evaluate the future prospects of the firm and decide on appropriate strategies to achieve long-term objectives is called ____________. a. strategic planning (moderate, page 220) 2. 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Measurement research paper Free Essays

There is a saying that efforts of measurement depend on the out come of global teams. The difference between the outcome and the process isn’t so important but only that during research, what is measured depends on the work of the teams. Measurement can be seen as investing in order to make a descion or a desired outcome. We will write a custom essay sample on Measurement research paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now But also, there has to be some questions answered like what, when and how to measure. As for when to measure, this depends on the rates and time of team performances, as for how to measure this is based on the instrument going to be used in measuring. The use of measurement includes researching, getting the problem diagonised, training feedback and lastly evaluation in areas of training and selection.  Measurement attributes help in knowing what behaviours to concentrate on and determine. Behaviours examined leads to organizing attributes. These behaviours are usually organised in an allocation of a task. Volume is the space which a liquid occupies in a container. Volume measuring units include gallons, cups, and quarts but there is what we call the systems of metric which include litres and millilitres. The instruments used to collect the units may include measuring cups, cylinders, measuring spoons and beakers. In the case of measuring a liquid volume that is small for example if it is something like medicine (syrup), the best unit of measure to use is milliteres, If it is something which has a little more volume for example sugar in a sugar bowl, then its better to use a cup, but if this volume is actually liquid then it means the right unit of measure is pints. If the liquid is in a large volume then gallons are best to use. The best formula to use while measuring the volume in a bucket may be pi multiplied by 2r (radius) multiplied by h (height) which is  Ã‚  Ã‚   pi*2r*h Area is an enclosed dimensional geometric figure space The formula for measuring area in a bucket may be pie multiplied by pi multiplied by 2r (radius) multiplied by h (height) which is pi*2r*h Length is usually the space between the beginning of an object or point to the end. The space in between is what is called length. The distance around the object is called its perimeter. The measurement systems of length include customary units and metric units. And these include centimetres, miles or kilometeres.Lets say you are interested in measuring lengths which are short like the length of your face, then the best to use is centimetres. If you are measuring distances which are long for example from your house till the capital city centre, then the best is kilometres and miles. The best formula to use while measuring the length in a bucket may include 2 multiplied by pi multiplied r(radius) which is 2*pi*r Weight is amount of gravitational force on an object. The devices used to measure weight can include calibrated scale and two arm balance. Weight has customary units of measure and these are pounds. The metric units of measure are kilograms. If one wants to measure an object which is small or little, the best to use is milligrams, when the object is a bit bigger for example a glass, then the best to use is grams, then if the object is more bigger like if you want to know what your weight is, then the best to use is the kilograms and pounds, above all if the object is very very big like   a big animal like a giraffe, then you are free to use tons and kilograms as your units of measure. REFERENCES Neely, J. (2004). University of Northern Iowa. Retrieved March 14, 2007 Pollock, N., Thompson, S. (1998). University of Richmond. Retrieved March 14, 2007 Brannick, M. T., Salas, E., Prince, C. (Eds.). (1997). Team Performance Assessment and Measurement: Theory, Methods, and Applications. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. How to cite Measurement research paper, Essays

Abortion summary free essay sample

The controversy behind this issue is caused by the different views that people and societies have regarding abortion. The social science disciplines of political science and religion will be used in getting a better understanding of the opposing views of abortion. In discussing the religious aspects of abortion, this paper will focus on the Jewish and Catholic views of abortion and how the two faiths effect an individual s decision upon having an abortion. When discussing the political controversy regarding abortion, this paper will discuss the abortion laws in Canada and the United States as well as the pro-choice and anti-choice movements of abortion. Society is greatly affected both socially and politically by abortions due to the different moralistic views regarding abortions and the controversies surrounding abortions. What are the views of the Catholic and Jewish religions on having abortions and how do their different views effect society? How is society effected by the political controversies behind abortions? Religion and Abortion Abortion is an issue that causes extreme divisions among various religious groups due to the laws of the religions, in particular, those of the Jewish and Christian religions. The Jewish religion is based on the belief in one G-d as well as respecting the laws that G-d imposed on the Jews. The Jewish people are expected to do what is just and merciful in the eyes of G-d (World Book, 1990). The Talmud, written by scholars who greatly respect G-d s wishes, is a collection of legal and ethical writings which serves as a primary guide to the civil and religious laws of Judaism (World Book, 1990). It states that the fetus is a part of the mother rather than a person or an independent entity, abortion is not considered murder, since the fetus is not a person until it comes into the world (Butler et al. , 1992). Therefore, when having abortions under the proper circumstances and not for reasons of convenience, the Jews are abiding by the religious and ethical laws that G-d imposed on his people, which are inscribed in the book of laws. Depending on one s religious beliefs, one may view abortion as acceptable. Judaism is divided into three religious groups: the Orthodox, Reform and Conservative. The Orthodox Jews accept all the traditional Jewish beliefs and ways of life and strictly observe all Jewish laws and greatly respect G-d (World Book, 1990). Orthodox Jews therefore, discourage abortions expect if a pregnancy will threaten a woman s life (Butler et al. , 1992). Conservative Jews however, de- emphasize the rituals of Judaism but they follow more of the traditional practices than do Reform Jews (Kolatch, 1985). Reform Jews believe that moral and ethical teachings form the most important part of Judaism and feel that many rituals and traditions do not have significance over them (World Book, 1990). Therefore, they have eliminated many of the traditional customs and ceremonies of Judaism (Kolatch, 1985). The Reform and Conservative Jews believe that a fetus is not a person and there is no restriction against having an abortion (Butler et al. , 1992). The political issue of abortion in Judaism began before the case of Roe v. Wade in 1973 (Butler et al. , 1992). In 1967, the Central Conference of American Rabbis said that legitimate abortions were valid and urged all states to permit abortions for the emotional and physical well being of the woman and in cases which involve sexual crimes (Butler et al. 1992). The Jewish religion strongly supported the case of Roe v. Wade, especially since this case allowed abortions to be legalized (Butler et al. , 1992) as well as, since the Jewish religion accepts abortions as long as it can be justified (Kolatch, 1985). In 1985, the Rabbinical Assembly of Conservative Jews implied that abortion is not only permitted but mandated by Jewish law w hen the woman s life or well being is threatened (Butler et al. , 1992). These political issues as well as the laws of the Mishnah have a great impact on a woman s decision to have an abortion since following her religion gives her a sense of security, individual fulfillment and gives meaning to her life as well (World Book, 1990). According to the Jewish religion, the proper circumstances for having an abortion are in order to save the woman s life, if the pregnancy will harm a woman s health and in cases of incest or rape (Kolatch, 1985). The Mishnah, one of the books of the Talmud, indicates that a mother s life must be saved even at the cost of the life of the fetus at any stage of the pregnancy, as long as the child is in the womb (Klein, 1979). The Jewish religion feels that the life of the mother is more important than that of the unborn child and that the mother s life has priority over the life of an unborn child. Maimonides states that the child is sacrificed because it has the status of a pursuer, one who threatens the life of another, and its life may be taken as long as it is still in the womb (Maimonides, 1963). Therapeutic abortions are permissible in the early stages of abortion in the case of incest or rape where shame and embarrassment to the mother from the continuance of the pregnancy are considered threats to her health (Klein, 1979). In the case of adultery, a woman impregnated while engaging in adulterous action is not allowed to have an abortion (Kolatch, 1985) since the Ten Commandments state thou shalt not commit adultery (Exodus 20. 1-17). When a Jewish couple gets married, it is their responsibility to have children in order to pass on the religion to the next generation. If a woman wants to have an abortion for reasons of convenience, it is forbidden (Klein, 1979) since G-d states that one must be fruitful and multiply . In the Jewish religion, children are considered a blessing and a marriage was deemed a failure if it did not result in the birth of an offspring (Klein, 1979). The Jewish religion does not see abortion as murder, yet aborting a fetus is a serious issue but when an abortion can be justified it is accepted yet, the matter is left to the decision of the woman based on her religious beliefs (Butler et al. , 1992). Abortion, in the Christian religion is viewed as a moral and social evil; therefore, it is banned in the religion (Butler et al. , 1992). The Catholic Church has always condemned the destruction of innocent human life (New Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967). The Church follows in the words of Pius XII who stated that: Innocent human life, in whatever condition it is found, is to be secure from the very first moment of its existence. This is a fundamental right of the Christian person even if the child is still within the womb (New Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967). Even though abortion is forbidden in the religion, since Christianity stresses the moral qualities of love, mercy and self sacrifice as being closely connected with religious values (World Book, 1990), the church does not allow a woman to put the life of a child over her own (New Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967). The politics regarding the Catholic religion and abortion are important factors that need to be addressed in order to understand the Catholic position of abortion. In the United States, the National Council of Catholic Bishops has adopted the church s position as the law; therefore, the council urges Catholics to oppose abortion (Butler et al. , 1992). The bishops and priests have used forcible measures against Catholic politicians and theologians, as well as, legislators have been threatened with excommunication and teachers have been fired if they attempted to reject the law that bans abortion within Catholicism (Butler et al. , 1992). The religious leaders have used these measures in order to enforce the law banning abortion within the religion (Butler et al. 1992). Politics and Abortion Abortion causes a considerable amount of political controversy in both Canada and the United States, due to the on going debate as to whether abortion should be legal. Although there have been many laws passed permitting abortions under certain circumstances, many people have opposing views regarding this issue. In Canada and the United States, people have f ormed anti- abortion and pro-choice movements, which have had a great impact on the debate over abortion. The pro-choice and pro-life groups create a lot of controversy surrounding the legalization of abortion. The pro-choice group believes that each woman has the right to choose for herself whether to carry a pregnancy to term and to control their own bodies (Costa, 1996). If a woman is forced to carry a pregnancy to term, the pro-choice group believes that she is not a free individual. She can not hope to control her own existence if she can not decide for herself, the most personal and intimate aspect of her sexuality and life in society (Butler et al. , 1992). This group views the anti-abortion movement as being more interested in the social control of women than in supporting women and their babies (MacGuigan, 1994). Unlike the pro- choice group, the pro-life group believe that the sanctity of life take precedence over the right of a woman to control her body (Costa, 1996). This group believes that both the mother and the baby deserve life and respect and therefore, consider abortion to be the killing of an unborn human being (Butler et al. , 1992). In Canada, there is no law prohibiting a woman s right to have an abortion (Butler et al. 1992). However, the criminal code states that abortions would be allowed when the pregnancy was likely to endanger the life or health of the mother (Githens et al, 1996). The government as part of a unanimous philosophical effort to remove morality from the criminal code formulated this amendment (Githens et al. , 1996). Canada has a parliamentary government where the cabinet determines the priorities and policies, ensures their implementation, and presents government legislation for Parliament approval (Guy, 2001). This form of government is better able to control the policy formation on abortion as opposed to that of the United States (Guy, 2001). The modifications made in the new criminal code stated that hospitals that provide abortion services must create a three doctor Therapeutic Abortion Committee (Tatalovich, 1997). The ruling of the 1988 Morgentaler case, stated that abortion was a medical issue between the woman and her doctor and this remained the law of Canada (MacGuigan, 1994) since it is difficult to form a new abortion legislation. In order to form a new law, it must guarantee impartiality and fairness to all citizens (Guy, 2001). The law must be passed in a court where it is free from the political arena, and the decisions made by the court are not the result of pressure or interference by any individual of society (Guy, 2001). There have been many attempts to reform the abortion law. Firstly, The Law Reform Commission of Canada has recommended amendments to the criminal code in 1989, in order to balance the interests of the mother and the fetus (Guy, 2001). In 1991, bill C-43 created a lot of controversy between the pro-choice groups and pro life groups since they viewed the law very differently. The pro choice groups argued that many women would be designated at least nominal criminals to whom an exception had to apply (Guy, 2001), and the pro-life group pointed out that the bill would be unlikely to reduce abortions and lacked legal recognition for the fetus (Guy, 2001). Bill C-43 was, however, defeated which returned abortion to the criminal code (Githens et al, 1996). By doing so, this law must apply equally and predictably to everyone and anyone accused of breaking this ruling must be treated equally under the law (Guy, 2001). In the United States, abortion was proscribed in the criminal codes of all fifty states and it was viewed as a medical problem and not a personal right (Costa, 1996). The American Law Institute formulated a model penal code that included a provision legalizing abortions for therapeutic reasons other than to save a mother s life (Githens et al. , 1996). Since the United States has a congressional- presidential separation of power system, the initiation of new laws originates in the executive branch and the bill is introduced to the congress (Guy, 2001). These laws are then taken before the Supreme Court where the judge will determine whether to pass the bill (Guy, 2001). Before the case of Roe v. Wade in 1973, abortion was completely prohibited in the United States, unless a valid reason, which needed to include the health of the mother, was presented (MacGuigan, 1994). The case f Roe v. Wade created choices: a constitutional right for women to choose abortion during the first trimester and a choice for doctors and hospitals to offer these services (Githens et al. , 1996). This case changed the abortion laws in the United States. The state passed a law which stated that the State does not have any interest in regulating abortions during the first trimester (Costa, 1996). The only limitation that was set was that a licensed medical p hysician in a medical setting must perform the abortion (Costa, 1996). Yet, during the second and third trimesters, an abortion was only permitted to protect the woman s health and if it is considered life threatening (Costa, 1996). After this law was passed, the states followed the regulations stated very closely since American citizens regard the law as valid because it is the divine, moral or natural justice which influences their life greatly (Guy, 2001). Since the Case of Roe vs. Wade, the number of abortions performed each year total at least one million. In Canada there has been one fifteenth of the amount of abortions performed in the United States each year (Tatalovich, 1997). Since Canadian law originally ordered abortions to take place in hospitals, after the Morgentaler case, there was a substantial increase in the abortion rate in Canada (Statistics Canada, 1995). In the United States, the abortion rate was 27. 3 per 1,000 women which was double the Canadian rate of 12. 6 (Tatalovich, 1997). As of 1992, there are, at least, 100,497 abortions performed each year and in the United States, there are at least 1,528 abortions performed each year in hospitals (Tatalovich, 1997). The number of abortions performed each year in both the United States and Canada has increased since the cases of Roe vs. Wade in 1973 and Morgentaler in 1988. Conclusion The debate over abortion is a very complicated one that is still ongoing. The political controversy surrounding abortion is unlikely to be solved despite the attempts of the political leaders in both Canada and the United States with the influence of the Pro-Life and Pro-Choice groups. The pro-life movement will continue to have the federal Parliament decriminalize abortion, and at the provincial level, will continue to influence to have abortions de-insured under provincial health plans (Butler et al. , 1992). The pro-choice movement will however, continue to fight for the equality of Canadian and American women (Butler et al. , 1992). The religious aspect of abortion will not be modified since these religious beliefs are fixed.